| 1844
October 15 |
Friedrich
Nietzsche born at Röcken in the
outskirts of Lützen, province of Saxony
to Franziska Nietzsche, née Oehler, and
Carl Ludwig Nietzsche, a pastor, who
names his son after King Friedrich
William IV of Prussia. |
| 1846
July 10 |
Birth of
Elisabeth Nietzsche. |
| 1848
February 27 |
Birth of
Joseph Nietzsche. |
| 1849
July 30 |
Nietzsche's
father (age 36) dies of a brain tumor. |
| 1850 |
Joseph
Nietzsche dies on January 9th. Franziska
moves the family to Naumburg, close to
relatives and friends, where Nietzsche
attends the local elementary school. |
| 1853 |
Meets
childhood friends Gustav Krug and Wilhelm
Pinder, cousins of each other;
Nietzsche's paternal grandmother Erdmuthe
Nietzsche was a friend of their families.
On Easter, he enrolls at the
"Institut zum Zwecke gründlicher
Vorbereitung für Gymnasien und andere
höhere Lehranstalten," a school run
by Karl Moritz Weber. |
| 1854 |
Nietzsche's
mother turns down an offer from the
director of the Franckeschen Stiftungen
in Halle to admit Nietzsche to their
school for fatherless children. |
| 1854
May 25 |
Hears
Händel's "Messiah" at the
Naumburg cathedral. First attempt to
write a musical composition:
"Alsbald faßte ich den ernstlichen
Entschluß, etwas ähnliches zu
componiren." (I immediately made the
decision in earnest to compose something
similar.) He also tries his hand at
poetry for the first time. |
| 1855
April-June |
Takes piano
lessons from the local precentor, G. Fr.
M. Steeger. |
| 1855
August 2 |
Death of his
paternal aunt, Auguste Nietzsche. |
| 1855
October |
Enrolls at
the Naumburg Domgymnasium. |
| 1856 |
More
attempts at poetry: "... versuchte
ich in der zweite[n] in geschmückter und
strahlender Sprache zu reden. Aber aus
der Zierlichkeit wurde Ziererei und die
schiller[n]de Sprache zu pfrasenartiger
Verblümung. Und bei diesem allem fehlte
noch die Hauptsache, die Gedanken."
(... in the second period [of his poetic
attempts], I tried to express myself in
more ornate and sparkling language. But
out of gracefulness grew affectation and
out of dazzling language, cliché-ridden
floweriness. And in all this the chief
thing was still missing: ideas.) In
February, Nietzsche and Wilhelm Pinder
write the play "The Gods of
Olympus" and stage a performance
with their families. |
| 1856
April 2 |
Death of his
paternal grandmother, Erdmuthe Nietzsche. |
| 1856
December 26 |
Starts to
keep a diary. |
| 1857 |
Further
attempts at musical compositions. |
| 1858
February |
Composes
more music ( Nietzsche will continue to
dabble at musical compositions yearly
through 1867) and makes a third attempt
at poetry: "Die Jugend, der noch eigne
Gedanken fehlen, sucht ihre Ideenleere
hinter ein schillernden glänzenden Styl
zu verbergen. Gleicht hierin die Poësie
nicht der Modernen Musik? Ebenso
wird hieraus alsbald eine Zukunftspoësie
werden." (The youth who still lacks his
own thoughts tries to conceal his
empty ideas behind an enigmatic, dazzling
style. Doesn't modern music
resemble this kind of poetry? A poetry of
the future will soon come out of it,
too.) |
| 1858
August-September |
Nietzsche
writes the autobiography "Aus
meinem Leben" (From
My Life). |
| 1858
September 29 |
Leaves the
Naumburg Domgymnasium just prior to his
second term of Untertertia after
receiving a scholarship from the
Landesschule Pforta. Nietzsche's
gymnasium grades were mediocre, except in
religion. However, his deceased father
had been an employee of the state, and it
was not uncommon for their children to
receive admission to Pforta upon a
satisfactory examination. Poor results on
his Pforta entrance exam set Nietzsche
back a year. See Thomas Brobjer,
"Why did Nietzsche Receive a
Scholarship to Study at
Schulpforta?" Nietzsche-Studien
(2001) 30:322-28. |
| 1858
October 6 |
Enrolls at
Pforta, near Naumburg, an elite school
with only 200 students. His fellow
students include classmate Paul Deussen,
and Carl von Gersdorff, who was a half a
year behind them. |
| 1859 |
Nietzsche
finally begins to blossom as a student.
By the end of his first semester
(WS1858-59), he is already ranked third
of 25 students, which speaks volumes
about his progress in Latin and Greek,
and by the end of WS1859-60, he is at the
head of his class. Writes poem "To
W. Pinder," spends his Easter
holiday in Naumburg and Pobles, writing a
play entitled "Prometheus";
summer in Jena with an uncle and aunt,
Emil and Mathilde Schenk. |
| 1859
August 6 |
From
Nietzsche's Diary, "Wider das
Heimweh, (nach Prof. Buddensieg)
1. Wenn wir etwas Tüchtiges lernen
wollen, können wir nicht immer zu Hause
bleiben. 2. Das wollen die lieben Eltern
nicht; wir fügen uns deshalb in den
Willen der Eltern. 3. Unsre Lieben sind
in Gottes Hand; wir sind immer von ihren
Gedanken begleitet. 4. Wenn wir tüchtig
arbeiten, so vergehen traurige Gedanken.
5. Hilft das alles nicht, so bete zu Gott
dem Herrn." (Cure for Homesickness
(according to Prof. Buddensieg) 1.
If we wish to learn anything good, we
cannot always remain at home. 2. Our dear
parents do not want this; we therefore
comply with our parents' wishes. 3. Our
loved ones are in God's hands; we are
constantly accompanied by their thoughts.
4. If we work hard, then sad thoughts
vanish. 5. If all this is of no avail,
then pray to God Almighty.) |
| 1859
August 27 |
From
Nietzsche's Diary, "Ich habe jetzt
die Literaturgeschichte von Kletke und
vorzüglich hat mich das Leben Jean Pauls
angezogen. Die Bruchstücke seiner Werke,
die ich gelesen habe, ziehen mich
ungemein durch die blühende,
überschwengliche Schilderung, die zarten
Gedanken und den satyrischen Witz an. Ich
glaube, Jean Paul wird einmal bei
reiferen Jahren mein
Lieblingsschriftsteller.—" (I
now have the history of literature by
Kletke and have been especially drawn to
the life of Jean Paul. The fragments of
his work that I have read appeal to me
uncommonly through lively, effusive
description, subtle ideas and satirical
wit. I think Jean Paul will be my
favorite author sometime in my mature
years.—) Nietzsche probably read
Hermann Kletke's Handbuch zur
Geschichte der neueren deutschen
Literatur. Bd. 2: Von Göthe bis auf
die Gegenwart. Berlin: Amelang, 1845.
Jean Paul is discussed in §37, pp. 318-358.
|
| 1859
December 17 |
Death of his
maternal grandfather, David Ernst Oehler. |
| 1860
July 25 |
Starts a
literary society, "Germania,"
with Pinder and Krug for monthly musical
and literary contributions. |
| 1861
March 10 |
Nietzsche
and Deussen receive their confirmation
together. |
| 1861
July 3 |
Writes an
independent essay entitled
"Ermanarich, Ostgothenkönig"
(Ermanarich, King of the Ostrogoths) for the "Germania" club. He expands the work in autumn 1863 and later judges it to be
"the only work of my schooldays with
which I was almost satisfied." |
| 1861
Summer |
Makes his
first contributions to
"Germania": letter to Pinder
and Krug about opera and oratorios; parts
of his Christmas Oratorio (probably
"Der Könige Tod," "Ehre
sei Gott" and
"Heidenwelt"); essays on Byron
and Schiller's Wallenstein. |
| 1861
September |
Composes
"Ermanarich: 'Symphonische
Dichtung.'" Piano 4-hands (revised
1862). See Nietzsche's critical notes
for the composition (another submission
for "Germania" in Sept.-Oct
1862). |
| 1861
October 19 |
Submits an
essay on Hölderlin for a class
assignment: "Brief an meinen Freund,
in dem ich ihm meinen Lieblingsdichter
zum Lesen empfehle." ("Letter
to my friend, in which I recommend that
he read my favorite poet.") The
essay has been shown to be plagiarized
from William Neumann's Moderne
Klassiker. Deutsche Literaturgeschichte
der neueren Zeit in Biographien, Kritiken
und Proben: Friedrich Hölderlin
(Cassel, 1853, 1859). See Thomas Brobjer,
"Discussion and Source of
Hölderlin's Influence on Nietzsche.
Nietzsche's Use of William Neumann's Hölderlin."
Nietzsche-Studien (2001)
30:397-412. |
| 1862
April |
Nietzsche
writes "Fatum
und Geschichte" (Fate
and History) and "Willensfreiheit
und Fatum" (Freedom
of the Will and Fate) for
"Germania." |
| 1862
April 16 |
Nietzsche,
Pinder and Krug draft the statutes for
"Germania." |
| 1862
July |
Nietzsche
writes two pages for a novel called
"Euphorion." |
| 1862
Sept.-Oct. |
Nietzsche
writes "Über
das Dämonische in der Musik"
(On the Demonic in Music), a lecture for
"Germania." |
| 1862
November |
At Pforta,
Nietzsche as "school inspector"
hands in a list of comments to the
inspection office: he makes a few
innocuous jokes and gets three hours
detention and the loss of a few walks. He
informs his mother: "I haven't
troubled myself about the matter for a
moment, and have only learned a lesson
from it—next time to be more careful
what I joke about. —" |
| 1863
April |
Nietzsche
gets drunk at the Kösen train station
and is demoted from first in his class. |
| 1864
April |
Nietzsche
writes "Über
Stimmungen" (On
Moods). |
| 1864
July |
Nietzsche
begins to write "De Theognide
Megarensi" (On Theognis of Megara),
his Valediktionsarbeit (written in Latin,
with Greek citations), a non-compulsory
essay for graduation. |
| 1864
July-August |
Nietzsche
writes "Mein
Leben" (My Life),
another autobiographical fragment. |
| 1864
September 4 |
Graduation
from Pforta. |
| 1864
September 26 |
Plays the
piano in a tavern in Schwelm, to the
delight of the director of the local
musical society: "der nachher mit
aufgesperrtem Rachen dastand und alles
Schöne sagte und mich beschwor, Abends
an seinem Gesangverein Theil zu nehmen.
Was ich nicht that." (... who stood
there afterwards, jaws agape, and said
all sorts of nice things and implored me
to take part in his choral society that
evening. Something I did not do.) |
| 1864
Early Fall |
Nietzsche
writes the poem "Noch einmal, eh ich
weiterziehe ..." ("Once more,
ere I move on ..."). |
| 1864
October 16 |
Enrolls as
student of theology and philology at the
University of Bonn. |
| 1864
October 24 |
Joins the
fraternity, "Franconia":
"Of course, I considered the step
carefully and in view of my nature deemed
it almost necessary. For the most part we
are all philologists, at the same time
all music lovers. In general, a very
interesting atmosphere prevails in the
Franconia, I like the older people a
lot." |
| 1865
January |
To the
dismay of his mother, Nietzsche changes
his major to philology at the start of
the second semester. |
| 1865
March-April |
Reads David
Friedrich Strauss Das Leben Jesu
(The Life of Jesus). |
| 1865
May |
Seven months
with "Franconia" are quite
enough: Nietzsche resigns from the
fraternity, writing in a letter to
Gersdorff that "the expression of
conviviality on nightly drinking socials
often made me highly uneasy, that I knew
some individuals whose beer materialism I
could hardly stand; likewise those who,
to my great annoyance, would pass
judgment on human beings and opinions en
masse with outrageous arrogance.
Nevertheless, I gladly bore the
fraternity, since I learned a lot from it
and generally also have to acknowledge
the intellectual life there. But more
intimate relations with one or two
friends is a necessity to me; if one has
these, then one takes in the rest as a
kind of seasoning, some as pepper and
salt, others as sugar, others as nothing
at all." |
| 1865
Summer |
Some of
Nietzsche's classes, which he didn't
necessarily attend on a regular basis
include: Allgemeine Geschichte der
Philosophie (Carl Schaarschmidt); Platos
Schriften und Philosophie (Carl
Schaarschmidt); Grundzüge der
Archäologie (Otto Jahn); Lateinische
Grammatik (Friedrich Ritschl); Gedichte
Walthers von der Vogelweide (Karl
Simrock). |
| 1865
Fall |
Jahn and
Ritschl's dispute over Jahn's clandestine
attempt to hire Hermann Sauppe finally
leads to Ritschl's departure from Bonn
for the University of Leipzig. Nietzsche
follows Ritschl to Leipzig. |
| 1865
October 17 |
Continues
his studies at the University of Leipzig,
where he discovers the works of
Schopenhauer in Rohm's second-hand
bookshop. |
| 1865
December |
Becomes a
founding member of The Classical
Philology Club at Leipzig. |
| 1866 |
Begins
friendship with Erwin Rohde. |
| 1866
January 18 |
Gives a
lecture on Theognis for the philology
club. Ritschl advises him to revise the
lecture for publication. |
| 1867
March 1 |
"Zur
Geschichte der Theognideischen
Spruchsammlung" (On the History of
the Collection of the Theognideian
Anthology) is published in the Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie. |
| 1867
August 10 |
Finishes his
autobiographical text, "Rückblick
auf meine zwei Leipziger Jahre"
(Retrospect on My Two Years at Leipzig). |
| 1867
October 9 |
Begins his
year of obligatory military service. |
| 1868
March |
Nietzsche
injures himself in a riding accident. He
writes to Gersdorff: "I had survived the winter, and with it the most difficult and unpleasant half of the service; they had made me an artillery private and were also quite pleased with my conduct. With the onset of finer weather, I was able to breathe freely and breeze my horse in the vast exercise yard. Finally I was riding the most fiery and high-strung animal in the battery. One day I failed to execute a quick leap into the saddle; I hit my chest hard against the pommel and felt a shooting pain on the left side. I calmly rode on and even withstood the increasing pain for a day and a half. On the evening of the second day, however, I fainted twice and on the third I was nailed to my bed by the most acute pain and high fever. Through a medical examination, they found that I had torn two muscles in my chest." |
| 1868
March-April |
Writes the
notes "Zu Schopenhauer" (On
Schopenhauer). |
| 1868
April |
Writes
preparatory notes for a planned
dissertation: "Die Teleologie seit
Kant" (The Concept of the Organic
Since Kant). |
| 1868
April 25 |
Reviews G.
F. Schoemann's Die hesiodische
Theogonie for the Literarisches
Centralblatt für Deutschland. |
| 1868
May 30 |
Publishes
"Beiträge zur Kritik der
griechischen Lyriker I, Der Danae
Klage" (Contribution toward the
Critique of the Greek Lyric Poet 1,
[Simonides'] Ode on Danae) in the Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie. |
| 1868
September 25 |
Publishes
"De Laertii Diogenis fontibus,
1-2" (The Sources of Diogenes
Laertius, 1-2) in the Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie. |
| 1868
October 31 |
Reviews V.
Rose's Anacreontis Teii quae vocantur
for the Literarisches Centralblatt für
Deutschland. |
| 1868
November 8 |
Meets
Richard Wagner in Leipzig. |
| 1868
November 21 |
Reviews
Richard Nitzsche's Quaestionum
Eudocianarum capita quatuor for the Literarisches
Centralblatt für Deutschland. |
| 1869
January 30 |
Reviews C.
Ziegler's Theognidis Elegiae,
Jacob Bernays' Die Heraklitischen
Briefe and Paul Marquard's Die
harmonischen Fragmente des Aristoxenus
for the Literarisches Centralblatt für
Deutschland. |
| 1869
February |
Appointed
professor of classical philology at the
University of Basel. |
| 1869
March 18 |
Publishes
"De Laertii Diogenis fontibus,
3-6" (The Sources of Diogenes
Laertius, 3-6) in the Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie. |
| 1869
April 3 |
Reviews E.
Rohde's Über Lucian's Schrift
for the Literarisches Centralblatt für
Deutschland. |
| 1869
May 28 |
Inaugural
lecture at the University of Basel under
the title "Über die Persönlichkeit
Homers" (On the Personality of
Homer). Subsequently published as Homer
und die klassische Philologie (Homer
and Classical Philology). |
| 1869 |
Begins
writing The Birth of Tragedy. |
| 1870
January 18 |
Public
Lecture entitled "Das griechische
Musikdrama" (The Greek Music Drama). |
| 1870
February 1 |
Public
Lecture entitled "Sokrates und die
Tragödie" (Socrates and Tragedy). |
| 1870
March |
Becomes
tenured professor at University of Basel. |
| 1870
March 10 |
Publishes
"Analecta Laertiana" (Analects
of Laertius) in the Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie. |
| 1870
April |
Begins
friendship with Franz Overbeck. |
| 1870
May 1870 |
Publishes Beiträge
zur Quellenkunde und Kritik des Laertius
Diogenes (Contribution toward the
Study and the Critique of the Sources of
Diogenes Laertius). |
| 1870
August |
Serves as a
volunteer medical orderly in the
Franco-Prussian war. |
| 1870
September 3 |
Reviews S.
A. Byk's Der Hellenismus und der
Platonismus for the Literarisches
Centralblatt für Deutschland. |
| 1870
September 28 |
Publishes
"Der Florentinische Tractat über
Homer und Hesiod, ihr Geschlecht und
ihren Wettkampf, 1-2" (The
Florentine Manuscript Concerning Homer
and Hesiod, Their Ancestry and Their
Contest, 1-2) in the Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie. |
| 1870
December |
Publishes
"Certamen quod dicitur Homeri et
Hesiodi" (The So-Called Contest of
Homer and Hesiod) in Acta societatis
philologae Lipsiensis. |
| 1871
June 18 |
Publishes Sokrates
und die griechische Tragödie
(Socrates and Greek Tragedy). |
| 1872
January |
Publication
of the Index to the new series of Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie, 1842-1869. |
| 1872
January 2 |
Publishes Die
Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der
Musik (The Birth Of Tragedy Out of
the Spirit of Music). |
| 1872
Jan. 16-Mar. 23 |
Gives
lectures "Über die Zukunft unserer
Bildungsanstalten" (On the Future of
Our Educational Institutions). |
| 1872
May |
Spends time
with Wagner. |
| 1873
January 17 |
Publishes
"Ein Neujahrswort an den Herausgeber
der Wochenschrift 'Im neuen Reich'"
(A New Year's Greeting for the Editor of
the Weekly Paper 'In the New
Reich'") in the Musikalisches
Wochenblatt. |
| 1873
February 24 |
Publishes
"Der Florentinische Tractat über
Homer und Hesiod, ihr Geschlecht und
ihren Wettkampf, 3-5" (The
Florentine Manuscript Concerning Homer
and Hesiod, Their Ancestry and Their
Contest, 3-5) in the Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie. |
| 1873
April |
Writes the
fragment "Philosophy in the Tragic
Age of the Greeks." |
| 1873
May |
Meets Paul
Rée.
Writes the fragment "On Truth and
Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense." |
| 1873
August 8 |
Publication
of the first Untimely Meditation:
David Strauss, the Confessor and the
Writer. |
| 1873
October |
Begins writing the
second Untimely Meditation: On the Use
and Abuse of History for Life. |
| 1873
October 31 |
Mahnruf
an die Deutschen (Exhortation to the
Germans) written at the behest of Richard
Wagner, as a fundraising appeal for the
construction of his theater in Bayreuth. |
| 1873
December |
Finishes the
second Untimely Meditation: On the Use
and Abuse of History for Life. |
| 1874
February 22 |
Publication
of On the Use and Abuse of History for
Life. |
| 1874
October 15 |
Nietzsche's
30th birthday: publication of the third Untimely
Meditation: Schopenhauer as Educator. |
| 1875-1876 |
Writes the
fourth Untimely Meditation: Richard
Wagner in Bayreuth. |
| 1875
October |
Begins
friendship with Heinrich Köselitz, a/k/a
Peter Gast. |
| 1876
May 19 |
Requests
leave of absence from University of Basel
(granted June 2, 1876). |
| 1876
July-August |
Nietzsche in
Bayreuth for the last time. First
Bayreuth Festival. Meets Louise Ott. |
| 1876
July 10 |
Publication
of the fourth Untimely Meditation:
Richard Wagner in Bayreuth. |
| 1876
October 26 |
Arrives in
Naples. Last meeting with Wagner. |
| 1876-1878 |
Writes the
first part of Human, All Too Human. |
| 1876
December |
Winter in
Sorrento with Paul Rée, Malwida von
Meysenbug and Nietzsche's student, Albert
Brenner. |
| 1877
February |
Publication
of Marie Baumgartner's French translation
of Richard Wagner in Bayreuth. |
| 1877
May 8 |
Leaves
Sorrento. |
| 1877
October 17 |
Requests
extension of leave of absence from
University of Basel. |
| 1878 January
3 |
Receives
copy of Parsifal from Wagner. |
| 1878
January 10 |
Sends
manuscript of Human, All Too Human to
his publisher. |
| 1878
February 11 |
Requests
extension of leave of absence from
University of Basel. |
| 1878
May |
Publication
of Human, All Too Human (Nietzsche
sends a copy to Wagner; their last
correspondence). |
| 1878 May
17 |
Death of
Albert Brenner from tuberculosis. |
| 1879 March
20 |
Publication
of Mixed Opinions and Maxims. |
| 1879
May 2 |
From Geneva,
sends letter of resignation to the
University of Basel. |
| 1879
June 14 |
University
accepts resignation, and grants six-year
pension. |
| 1879
Summer |
Writes The
Wanderer and His Shadow. |
| 1879
October 18 |
Sends
manuscript of The Wanderer and His
Shadow to his publisher. |
| 1879
December 18 |
Publication
of The Wanderer and His Shadow. |
| 1880
March |
Travels to
Venice with Heinrich Köselitz. |
| 1880
June |
Leaves
Venice. |
| 1880
July 5 |
Arrives in
Marienbad. |
| 1880
Autumn |
Begins
writing Dawn. |
| 1880
November |
Arrives in
Genoa. Continues work on Dawn. |
| 1881
January 25 |
Sends
manuscript of Dawn to Köselitz. |
| 1881
May 1 |
Leaves
Genoa. |
| 1881
July 8 |
Arrives in
Sils-Maria. |
| 1881
July |
Publication
of Dawn. |
| 1881
October 1 |
Leaves
Sils-Maria for Genoa. |
| 1881
November 27 |
In Genoa,
attends performance of Bizet's Carmen. |
| 1881
Winter |
Begins
writing The Joyful Science. |
| 1882
February 4 |
Paul Rée
visits Nietzsche in Genoa. They travel to
Monte Carlo. |
| 1882
March 13 |
Paul Rée
again travels to Monte Carlo. He loses
his entire bankroll in one night. |
| 1882
March 15 |
Paul Rée
travels to Rome where he meets Lou von
Salomé at the home of Malwida von
Meysenbug. |
| 1882
April 1 |
Nietzsche
arrives in Sicily.
Writes Idylls From Messina. |
| 1882
April 24 |
Nietzsche
arrives in Rome. |
| 1882
April 25 |
Nietzsche
meets Lou Salomé. |
| 1882
June 15 |
Finishes The
Joyful Science. |
| 1882
June |
Publishes Idylls
From Messina. |
| 1882
September |
Nietzsche in
Leipzig. |
| 1882
Sept. 10 |
Publication
of The Joyful Science. |
| 1882
October 1 |
Paul Rée
and Lou Salomé arrive in Leipzig for a
one-month visit; Nietzsche's friendship
with Rée and Salomé deteriorates. |
| 1882
November 5 |
Rée and
Salomé travel to Paris. Nietzsche makes
plans to join them; he never sees them
again. |
| 1882
Winter |
Nietzsche
stays in Rapallo. |
| 1883
February |
Begins to
write Thus Spoke Zarathustra. |
| 1883
February 13 |
Richard
Wagner dies in Venice. |
| 1883
February 14 |
From Genoa,
Nietzsche sends manuscript of Thus
Spoke Zarathustra, Part I to his
publisher. |
| 1883
May 3 |
Nietzsche
travels to Rome for a five-week visit. |
| 1883
June 14 |
Leaves Rome. |
| 1883
June 18 |
Nietzsche
arrives in Sils-Maria where he writes
Part II of Thus Spoke Zarathustra. |
| 1883
August |
Publication
of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Part I. |
| 1883
August late |
Receives
proofs of Thus Spoke Zarathustra,
Part II. |
| 1883
Sept. 5 |
Leaves
Sils-Maria for Naumburg. |
| 1883
Sept. 7 |
Arrives in
Naumburg for a five-week visit. Elisabeth
engaged to Bernhard Förster, a leader of
the German anti-Semitic movement. |
| 1883
November 23 |
Nietzsche
arrives in Nice. |
| 1883
Winter |
Meets Dr.
Josef Paneth, a Viennese zoologist, from
whom Sigmund Freud first learned of
Nietzsche. |
| 1884
January 18 |
Completes Thus
Spoke Zarathustra, Part III
(partially written in Eze). |
| 1884
April 10 |
Publication
of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Part
III. |
| 1884
April 21 |
Leaves Nice
for a seven-week visit in Venice. |
| 1884
June 15 |
Arrives in
Basel. |
| 1884
July |
Meets Meta
von Salis in Zurich. |
| 1884
August 26 |
Heinrich von
Stein visits Nietzsche in Sils-Maria. |
| 1884
November 2 |
Arrives in
Menton; begins to write Thus Spoke
Zarathustra, Part IV. |
| 1884
December 1 |
Leaves for
Nice; continues to write Thus Spoke
Zarathustra, Part IV |
| 1885
April 9 |
Leaves Nice
for Venice. |
| 1885
April 10 |
Arrives in
Venice. |
| 1885
May |
Publication
of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Part IV
(privately printed for select friends). |
| 1885
May 22 |
Elisabeth
Nietzsche marries Bernhard Förster. |
| 1885
June 7 |
Arrives in
Sils-Maria; begins to write Beyond
Good and Evil. |
| 1885
June |
Sues his
publisher, Ernst Schmeitzner, to gain
control of his works. |
| 1885
November |
Wins lawsuit
against Schmeitzner. Uses part of the
proceeds to buy a marble slab for his
father's grave. Arrives in Nice. |
| 1886
February 15 |
Elisabeth Nietzsche sails from Hamburg to Paraguay. |
| 1886
Spring late |
Last meeting
with Erwin Rohde in Leipzig. |
| 1886
June |
Arrives in
Sils-Maria. |
| 1886
August 4 |
Publication
of Beyond Good and Evil. |
| 1886
August |
Sends
"Attempt at a Self-Criticism"
to his publisher for the new edition of The
Birth of Tragedy. |
| 1886
October |
Arrives in
Ruta Ligure. Finishes prefaces for the
second edition of Human, All
Too Human. Begins writing preface for
second edition of Dawn and preface
and Book Five for The Joyful Science.
Leaves Ruta Ligure for Nice. |
| 1886
November 14 |
While in
Nice, finishes new prefaces for Dawn
and The Joyful Science. |
| 1887
February 23-24 |
Earthquake in Nice. |
| 1887
April 4 |
Arrives in Cannobio. |
| 1887
April 28 |
Arrives in Zurich. |
| 1887
May 10 |
Arrives in Chur. |
| 1887
June 4 |
Arrives in Sils-Maria. |
| 1887
July 10-30 |
Writes On the Genealogy of Morality. |
| 1887
September 21 |
Leaves Sils-Maria and travels to Venice, where he and Köselitz proofread On the Genealogy of Morality. |
| 1887
October 20 |
Publication
of "Hymn to Life, for Mixed Chorus
and Orchestra" (Heinrich Köselitz's
orchestration). |
| 1887
November 11 |
Last letter
to Erwin Rohde. |
| 1887
November 16 |
Publication
of On the Genealogy of Morality. |
| 1888
April |
Arrives in
Turin. |
| 1888
Spring |
Georg
Brandes lectures on Nietzsche at the
University of Copenhagen. |
| 1888
Summer |
Writes The
Case of Wagner and Dionysus
Dithyrambs. |
| 1888
August |
Writes Twilight
of the Idols (published January 24,
1889). |
| 1888
September |
Writes The
Antichrist (published November 1894). |
| 1888
Autumn |
Writes Ecce
Homo (published posthumously April
1908). |
| 1888
December |
Writes Nietzsche
contra Wagner: Out of the Files of a
Psychologist (published February
1889). |
| 1889
January |
Mental
breakdown in Turin. |
| 1889-1897 |
Under the
care of his mother in Jena and Naumburg. |
| 1897
Easter |
Death of
Nietzsche's mother. Elisabeth moves him
to Weimar. |
| 1900
August 25 |
Nietzsche
dies in Weimar. |
| |
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